Structural and multiferroic properties of (Sm, Mn) co-doped BiFeO3 materials

Structural and multiferroic properties of (Sm, Mn) co-doped BiFeO3 materials

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Pure BiFeO3 (BFO) and (Sm, Mn) co-doped materials were synthesized by the citrate method.Effects of (Sm, Mn) co-doping on the structural, magnetic, electrical and ferroelectric properties of the BFO materials were characterized and investigated by different techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering spectroscopy, magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loops, electric polarization hysteresis loops, and complex impedance spectra measurements.Analysis 3 Teir Steamer results of the XRD measurement show that all samples were crystallized in the rhombohedral structure with R3C space group and crystal lattice parameters of a = 0.

5584 nm, c = 1.3874 nm and the average crystal size of LXRD = 60 nm for BFO sample.The crystal lattice parameters a, c and the average crystal size LXRD of (Sm, Mn) co-doped samples were found to decrease with the increasing Sm concentration.

The Raman scattering spectral show that the position of peaks characteristic for the Fe-O bonds in the (Sm, Mn) co-doped samples shifts toward lower frequency compared to that of BFO.For the (Sm, Mn) co-doped samples, the position of peaks characteristic for Bi-O covalent bonds shifts toward higher frequencies when the Sm concentration increases, confirming that Sm3+ and Mn2+ ions are substituted into Bi-sites and Fe-sites, respectively.The 4 Piece RAF with Armless Sofa Sectional data from the magnetic hysteresis loop measurements indicate that all samples exhibit weak ferromagnetic behavior.

The BFO sample presents weak ferromagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of Ms = 0.015 emu/g and the remnant magnetization of Mr = 0.007 emu/g.

Ferromagnetic properties of the (Sm, Mn) co-doped samples are found enhanced compared to those of BFO.The origin of ferromagnetism of the materials has been considered.